The rollout of AstraZeneca vaccine which had been scheduled to begin in South Africa soon is now on temporary hold, Health MInister Zweli Mkhize announced on Sunday.
Mkhize said the roll-out will be put on hold until a
committee of scientists have decided the way forward. Instead, our roll-out
will be linked to an implementation study.
Mkhize said: “In the next four weeks we will have results
of AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer. When new information is
brought to light and viruses change and mutate, decisions need to be made. This
is possibly why the AstraZeneca vaccine rollout is on hold for now. In the next
few weeks South Africa will have the J&J and Pfizer vaccine.”
Wits Professor Shabir Madhi told a media briefing on Sunday
that results from the trials show that the AstraZeneca vaccine was less
effective against mild and moderate forms of the B.1.351 coronavirus variant
first identified in the country. He said it was “disappointing” and a reality
check.
He explained results recently released from a vaccine trial
conducted in partnership with Wits University which attempted to analyse the
effectiveness of the AstraZeneca vaccine in the South African population. The
study was conducted last year towards the end of the first wave of the
coronavirus pandemic.
It enrolled just over 2000 participants who were between
the ages of 18 and 65 years. The participants did not have comorbidities and
were relatively healthy.
Participants were given a placebo or the actual vaccine –
this process was repeated after four weeks. The trail was only able to test
whether the vaccine was at least 60% effective against mild forms of the virus
and a bigger trial would be needed to demonstrate whether the virus would
protect severe forms of the virus.
Madhi said the recruitment of participants started towards
the end of the first wave, but while the study was underway the new variant
started spreading in the country -especially in the Eastern Cape and became a
dominant part of the second wave of the pandemic.
Madhi said evidence collected showed that the AstraZeneca
vaccine was less effective against the new variant. Before October 31, when the
trial began – results showed promise and the likelihood of protecting against
mild cases of the virus. Results had shown that the vaccine was 75% effective
with a single dose in 14 days. These same results could not be replicated based
on the new variant.
He said the question of whether the AstraZeneca vaccine
would be effective against severe forms of the virus had not been answered as
the study did not aim to answer that question. A larger study would be needed,
Mahdi said.
He said had the virus not mutated, the results would have
been promising.
Madhi said it was not all “doom and gloom” as vaccines like
the one-dose vaccine offered by Johnson & Johnson offered more promising
effectiveness against the SA variant and severe forms of the virus.
Professor Glenda Gray agreed that early results from the
Johnson & Johnson vaccine were more promising and the vaccine could be a
“silver bullet”.
The single-dose vaccine was shown to be 85 percent
effective in preventing severe disease and death in the 501Y.V2 variant.
“We are in advanced discussions to further evaluate the
single shot Covid vaccine in South Africa in an accelerated manner,” said Gray.
South Africa received a million doses of the AstraZeneca
vaccine from the Serum Institute of India this week, with another batch of 500
000 doses set to be delivered later this month.
Mkhize told members of the health portfolio committee on
Friday that the country will also get 9 million doses from Johnson &
Johnson, 20 million from Pfizer and 12 million from the Covax facility.
Mkhize said healthcare workers will be vaccinated with the
Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer vaccines.
The panel confirmed that the AstraZeneca vaccine did come
with an April expiry date and that talks were underway with the Serum Institute
of India to possibly exchange the stock. IOL
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