Despite the constitutional protection of the right to food
and a sophisticated set of human-rights based national laws and policies,
man-made starvation is slowly making its way in Zimbabwe, said the UN expert of
the right to food after visiting the country from 18 to 28 November 2019.
“More than 60% of the population of a country once seen as
the breadbasket of Africa is now considered food-insecure, with most households
unable to obtain enough food to meet basic needs due to hyperinflation,” said
Hilal Elver, Special Rapporteur on the right to food, presenting a preliminary
statement at the end of an 11-day visit.
“In rural areas, a staggering 5.5 million people are
currently facing food insecurity, as poor rains and erratic weather patterns
are impacting harvests and livelihoods. In urban areas, an estimated 2.2
million people are food-insecure and lack access to minimum public services,
including health and safe water.
“These are shocking figures and the crisis continues to
worsen due to poverty and high unemployment, widespread corruption, severe
price instabilities, lack of purchasing power, poor agricultural productivity,
natural disasters, recurrent droughts and unilateral economic sanctions.”
Elver said women and children were bearing the brunt of the
crisis.
“The majority of the children I met were stunted and
underweight,” she said. “Child deaths from severe malnutrition have been rising
in the past few months. 90 % of Zimbabwean children aged six months to two
years are not consuming the minimum acceptable diet.
“I saw the ravaging effects of malnutrition on infants
deprived of breast feeding because of their own mothers’ lack of access to
adequate food.
“In a desperate effort to find alternative means of
livelihood, some women and children are resorting to coping mechanisms that
violate their most fundamental human rights and freedoms. As a result, school
drop-outs, early marriage, domestic violence, prostitution and sexual
exploitation are on the rise throughout Zimbabwe.”
Elver said people she met in the drought-affected areas of
Masvingo and Mwenezi, located in the driest regions of the country, told her
they ate only one portion of cooked maize a day. Women, the elderly and
children are barely able to meet their minimum food needs and are largely
dependent on food assistance, while most of the men are abroad seeking work,
she added.
“Without access to a diversified and nutritious diet, rural
Zimbabweans, particularly younger children, barely survive,” she said, adding
that the agricultural and food system needs immediate reform.
“I strongly urge the Government to take the necessary
measures to reduce the country’s dependence on imported food, particularly
maize, and to support alternative wheats to diversify the diet. The Government
should create the conditions for the production of traditional seeds to ensure
the country’s self-sufficiency and preparedness for the climate shocks that hit
the country.”
The Special Rapporteur said the crisis in Zimbabwe’s cities
was no less severe than in rural areas.
“I witnessed some of the devastating consequences of the
acute economic crisis in the streets of Harare, with people waiting for hours
on long lines in front of gas stations, banks, and water dispensaries,” she
said.
“The Zimbabweans I spoke to in Harare and its suburbs
explained that even if food was widely available in markets, the erosion of
their incomes combined with an inflation skyrocketing to over 490%, made them
suffer from food insecurity, also impacting the middle-class.
Elver also said that she received “disturbing” information
that public hospitals have been reaching out to humanitarian organizations
after their own medicine and food stocks were exhausted.
Elver also received indication that the distribution of
lands or food had been manipulated for political ends throughout the last two
decades, favoring those who support the ruling political party.
“I call on the Government of Zimbabwe to live up to its
zero hunger commitment without any discrimination,” Elver said.
Zimbabwe counts amongst the four highest food insecure
States, alongside conflict ravaged countries, the expert noted.
“A Government official I met in Harare told me that ‘Food
security is national security’. Never has this been truer than in today’s
Zimbabwe.
“As food insecurity and land mismanagement increase the
risks of civil unrest, I urgently call on the Government, all political parties
and the international community to come together to put an end to this
spiraling crisis before it morphs into a full-blown conflict.
“Steps could be taken at the national level to respect,
protect and fulfill the Government’s human rights obligations, and
internationally, by putting an end to all economic sanctions. The
extraordinarily resilient people of Zimbabwe deserve no less.”
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