New $5 notes and $2 coins will be in circulation within a
fortnight to ease cash shortages that have resulted in cash barons charging premiums of up to 60
percent and the unscrupulous breaking of the law with two-tier pricing for
digital money and cash.
This was announced by Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ)
Governor Dr John Mangudya yesterday.
The new notes and coins will not be inflationary as RTGS
dollars will be removed from circulation as cash is issued.
Briefing the media after a two-day meeting of the Monetary
Policy Committee (MPC) yesterday, Dr Mangudya said the new notes and coins will
circulate alongside bond coins and notes and have the same value.
The injection of additional cash into circulation will also
see an upward review of daily withdrawal limits. These will be announced later.
Explaining why more cash will not fuel inflation, the
governor said: “When you are substituting your cash for plastic money, you
don’t increase inflation, but what it does, it will help the population . . . to
the extent that people are going to use their money without being charged
premiums.”
Zimbabwe has experienced cash shortages over the past few
years despite the introduction of bond notes in 2016 to supplement the US
dollars, a dominant currency under the multi-currency regime adopted in 2009,
but ended in June this year.
But the supply of local dollars remained limited, with cash
hoarders pulling enough out of circulation to cause the premiums.
Most Zimbabweans need cash for kombi fares and, if they can
get cash without a premium, they can buy cheaper goods in the informal sector
where two-tier pricing is rampant.
Mobile and digital money has largely replaced cash for most
transactions, but these two areas still remain and raise effective prices for
those forced to pay the premiums to commute to work or use nearby vendors and
tuckshops rather than pay expensive fares to reach a shopping centre.
Dr Mangudya said the committee had noted that the level of
physical cash in the economy was inadequate to meet transactional demand,
considering that the current proportion of cash to broad money supply of four
percent was lower compared to regional and international levels of 10 to 15
percent.
This low ratio had resulted in an undesirable cash premium
which the “committee would like to see eliminated.”
“In this regard, the committee noted with satisfaction the
fact that the domestic economy in 2019 achieved new heights in terms of the
utilisation of electronic systems for market transactions,” said Dr Mangudya.
“However, the committee felt that there was a need to boost
the domestic availability of cash for transactional purposes through a gradual
increase in cash supply over the next six months.”
On why the MPC decided to issue smaller denominations given
recent inflation, Dr Mangudya said: “We thought of being conservative and we
will graduate with time.”
Monthly inflation is expected to drop to between 10 and 12
percent by year end.
Dr Mangudya said while the economy will contract by 6,5
percent this year due to the effects of drought and Cyclone Idai, basic
economic fundamentals “remain sound” to meet the country’s stabilisation and
development objectives.
The country’s foreign currency generation capacity is also
sufficient to support a stable currency.
At US$780 million, funds in nostro accounts are at their
highest level since 2009, while forex receipts are averaging US$500 million a
month.
Economist Mr Brains Muchemwa said the immediate impact of
increasing the supply of cash would be the disappearance of “unreasonable”
premiums on cash.
“The reluctance to inject more cash (by RBZ) was so
worrying because we can’t have poor citizens, already ravaged by inflation, to
pay so huge premiums charged by mobile money agents and retailers when
transacting using other form payments,” he said.
“This will definitely bring sanity.”
Finance and Economic Development Minister Professor Mthuli
Ncube said the new notes and coins were “not a new currency”.
“We have that already,” he said. “What is happening is a cash
injection to deal with the cash shortages and reduce arbitrage opportunities.
The new currency was introduced on the 24th of June through Statutory
Instrument 142.”
Prof Ncube could not divulge how much of the new notes and
coins would be circulated, saying he was leaving the “technicalities to the
RBZ”.
Consumers hope the introduction of more physical notes will
not only eliminate premiums on cash, but also remove multi-tier pricing that
was prejudicing citizens of the true value of their earnings.
“We hope this is not just mere talk and we expect the
central bank to release enough cash to meet demand,” said Ms Judith Marizane, a
Harare roadside fruit vendor.
“The general public has suffered for quite long. Their
spending power is being eroded by huge premiums and we hope this will bring all
this madness to an end.” Herald
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